How long does a background check take?
Expected timing for NICS background check results.
About 92% of NICS checks result in an immediate 'Proceed' response — typically within 90 seconds at the FFL.
Delayed responses require NICS examiners to review manually. The FBI has 3 business days to respond. If no response is received, the FFL may — at their discretion — transfer the firearm under the 'Brady Act default proceed' provision.
What causes delays?
- Common names that match multiple records
- Incomplete or incorrect records in state databases
- Expunged or sealed records that haven't been properly updated in NICS
- Immigration status questions
A 'delay' is not an accusation. If you're frequently delayed, you can apply for a UPIN (Unique Personal Identification Number) through the FBI to speed up future checks.